一次性玉米淀粉餐具：可降解餐盒的主要成分有哪些？

可降解餐具是指可在自然环境微生物（细菌、霉菌、藻类）和酶作用下，发生生物化学反应，引起外观霉变到内在质量变化，终形成二氧化碳和水的餐具。

Biodegradable tableware refers to tableware that can undergo biochemical reactions under the action of natural microorganisms (bacteria, molds, algae) and enzymes, causing external mold to change to internal quality, ultimately forming carbon dioxide and water.

可降解餐具使用材料分两种：一种是天然材料制成的，如纸制品、秸秆、淀粉等，可全降解，也称之为环保产品；另一种是以塑料为主要成分，加入淀粉、光敏剂等物质制成，可部分降解。

There are two types of materials used in biodegradable tableware: one is made of natural materials, such as paper products, straw, starch, etc., which can be fully degraded, also known as environmentally friendly products; Another method is to use plastic as the main component and add substances such as starch and photosensitizers, which can be partially degraded.

玉米淀粉基餐具

Corn starch based tableware

玉米淀粉基餐具是目前市场上比较常见的可降解餐盒，淀粉的主要来源是玉米，所以有时叫玉米淀粉基，但这类餐盒其实是淀粉和传统石油基PP等的混合塑料，国外叫生物基。

Corn starch based tableware is a common biodegradable food box in the current market. The main source of starch is corn, so it is sometimes called corn starch based. However, this type of food box is actually a mixed plastic of starch and traditional petroleum based PP, which is called bio based abroad.

玉米淀粉基餐具是通过淀粉的生物降解而致使整个材料物理性能崩溃，但崩溃后的石油基PP还是不可降解的，降解率根据餐盒成分可达40%-80%，所以只能算是可降解餐盒，而不能算是全降解。

Corn starch based tableware is caused by the biodegradation of starch, which leads to the collapse of the physical properties of the entire material. However, after the collapse, petroleum based PP is still non degradable, and the degradation rate can reach 40% -80% based on the composition of the food box. Therefore, it can only be considered a degradable food box, not a fully degradable one.

因此玉米淀粉基餐具只能在一定程度上替代塑料制品，是目前市场上饱受争议的塑料餐具的替代品。

Therefore, corn starch based tableware can only partially replace plastic products and is currently a controversial alternative to plastic tableware in the market.

纸浆模塑餐具（植物纤维模塑餐具）

Pulp molded tableware (plant fiber molded tableware)

在原材料上，纸浆模塑一次性餐盒以麦秸秆、甘蔗渣等植物纤维为原材料，不添加任何PP材料，通过纸浆模塑湿压工艺成型，在纸浆中添加防水防油等食品级助剂，达到盛放冷热食物的的效果。

In terms of raw materials, pulp molded disposable lunch boxes use plant fibers such as wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse as raw materials, without adding any PP materials. They are formed through pulp molding wet pressing technology, and food grade additives such as waterproof and oil proof are added to the pulp to achieve the effect of storing cold and hot food.

植物纤维可降解餐盒也是目前市场上活跃的餐盒类型之一，以率先禁塑的海南省为例，海南省以禁止塑料餐具的使用、流通、销售、存放，纸浆模塑餐具无疑成为理想的塑料替代品。

Plant fiber biodegradable lunch boxes are also one of the most active types of lunch boxes in the current market. Taking Hainan Province, which was the first to ban plastic tableware, as an example, Hainan Province has completely banned the use, circulation, sales, and storage of plastic tableware. Pulp molded tableware undoubtedly becomes an ideal plastic substitute.

甘蔗浆一次性餐盒属于全降解类型餐盒，可在工业堆肥或者家庭堆肥条件下90天完全降解为有机质，回归自然，是属于真正意义上的完全可降解材料，在禁塑的道路上具备一定优越性。

Sugarcane pulp disposable food boxes belong to the fully degradable type of food boxes, which can be completely degraded into organic matter under industrial or household composting conditions for 90 days, returning to nature. They are truly fully degradable materials and have certain advantages on the road of plastic prohibition.

PLA降解餐具

PLA degradable tableware

PLA降解餐盒通常是指在纸浆模塑工艺上PLA复合膜与纸浆模塑产品结合的产品，即PLA覆膜产品。

PLA degradable lunch boxes usually refer to products that combine PLA composite film with pulp molded products in the pulp molding process, namely PLA coated products.

PLA复合膜是由聚乳酸为原料生产加工而成的，可以通过加热，复合在纸浆模塑及纸制品上的，一种完全可降解膜。

PLA composite film is produced and processed from polylactic acid as raw material, which can be heated and compounded on pulp molding and paper products. It is a completely biodegradable film.

聚乳酸（PLA）是一种新型的生物降解材料，使用可再生的植物资源所提出的淀粉原料制成。淀粉原料经由糖化得到葡萄糖，再由葡萄糖及一定的菌种发酵制成高纯度的乳酸，再通过化学合成方法合成一定分子量的聚乳酸。

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a new type of biodegradable material made from starch raw materials proposed from renewable plant resources. Starch raw materials are saccharified to obtain glucose, which is then fermented with certain strains to produce high-purity lactic acid. Then, a certain molecular weight of polylactic acid is synthesized through chemical synthesis methods.

通过覆膜工艺与纸浆模塑产品结合以后，可以节省防水防油剂的使用，起到密封纸浆模塑产品气孔的作用，餐具在实际使用过程中减少了产品的透气性，保温性能更高，保温时间更长。

By combining the lamination process with pulp molded products, the use of waterproof and oil proof agents can be saved, which can seal the pores of pulp molded products. In actual use, tableware reduces the breathability of the product, resulting in higher insulation performance and longer insulation time.

理论上PLA是一种生物塑料，且结晶度低（材料的结晶度越低，负责生物降解的微生物就越容易对材料进行化学分解），比石油基的塑料要容易降解很多。但是由于添加了其它成分，同时聚合的过程会提高结晶度。这些因素都会PLA降解的时间变长。

In theory, PLA is a bioplastic with low crystallinity (the lower the crystallinity of the material, the easier it is for the microorganisms responsible for biodegradation to chemically decompose the material), which is much easier to degrade than petroleum based plastics. However, due to the addition of other components, the polymerization process will increase crystallinity. These factors will lead to longer degradation time of PLA.

但PLA降解需要满足以下几个条件：

But PLA degradation needs to meet the following conditions:

1、大量的微生物；

1. A large number of microorganisms;

2、高温，超过30℃时，微生物才会开始降解PLA；

2. At high temperatures exceeding 30 ℃, microorganisms begin to degrade PLA;

3、潮湿，湿度越高水解效率越高。

3. Wet, the higher the humidity, the higher the hydrolysis efficiency.

要同时满足这几个条件的环境，在自然界中可以说非常。

The environment that satisfies these conditions simultaneously can be said to be very rare in nature.

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