可降解塑料是什么材料做的？

可降解颗粒材料包括生物降解材料和光降解材料等，由微生物合成的生物降解塑料，简称生物塑料，包括生物聚酯、生物纤维素、多糖类和聚氨基酸等，是一类能完全被自然界中的微生物降解的塑料。

Biodegradable granular materials include biodegradable materials and photodegradable materials, etc. Biodegradable plastics synthesized by microorganisms, referred to as bioplastics, including biopolyesters, biocellulose, polysaccharides and polyamino acids, are a kind of plastics that can be completely degraded by microorganisms in nature.

根据可降解机理来看，可降解具体可分为光降解、生物降解和水降解等三类。

According to the mechanism of biodegradation, biodegradation can be divided into three categories: photodegradation, biodegradation and water degradation.

光降解塑料：将光敏剂掺在塑料中，在太阳光照射作用下，塑料逐渐分解。但其缺点是，降解时间受到太阳光和气候环境的影响，因此无法控制。

Photodegradable plastic: add photosensitizer into the plastic, and the plastic will gradually decompose under the action of sunlight. However, its disadvantage is that the degradation time is affected by sunlight and climate, so it cannot be controlled.

生物降解塑料：指能被自然界中存在的微生物，如细菌、霉菌和藻类等，在一定条件下分解为低分子化合物的塑料。此类塑料贮存运输方便，应用范围较广。

Biodegradable plastic: refers to plastic that can be decomposed into low-molecular compounds by microorganisms existing in nature, such as bacteria, mold and algae, under certain conditions. This kind of plastic is convenient for storage and transportation and has a wide range of applications.

水降解塑料：一种在水中可以溶解的塑料，原因是其中添加了吸水性物质。

Water-degradable plastic: a kind of plastic that can be dissolved in water because of the addition of absorbent substances.

可降解塑料怎么来的呢？

How did degradable plastics come from?

来路一：

Way 1:

随着工业技术的发展，从石油、天然气等石化资源中重新提炼出的可降解材料，用于可降解塑料的原料。这类与传统塑料可以说是同宗同源，不同的是这类塑料是可以降解的。

With the development of industrial technology, degradable materials refined from petroleum, natural gas and other petrochemical resources are used as raw materials for degradable plastics. This kind of plastic and traditional plastic can be said to be of the same origin, but the difference is that this kind of plastic can be degraded.

比如我们常见的“PBAT”。

For example, our common "PBAT".

PBAT属于热塑性可降解塑料，一般以脂肪族酸、丁二醇为原料，经石化途径或生物发酵途径生产，既有较好的延展性和断裂伸长率，也有较好的耐热性和冲击性能。由于PBAT的成膜性能良好，易于吹膜，广泛用于一次性包装膜及农膜领域。

PBAT is a thermoplastic degradable plastic, which is generally produced from aliphatic acid and butanediol through petrochemical or biological fermentation. It has good ductility and elongation at break, as well as good heat resistance and impact properties. PBAT is widely used in the field of disposable packaging film and agricultural film due to its good film-forming performance and easy blowing.

此外，PBAT还具有优良的生物降解性，是可降解塑料研究中的主要研究对象，也是目前市场应用好降解材料之一。

In addition, PBAT also has excellent biodegradability, which is the main research object of degradable plastics, and is also one of the best degradable materials in the market at present.

来路二：

Way 2:

科学家们从生物质资源（如植物纤维、淀粉等）提炼出来的可降解材料，用于可降解塑料的原料。比如我们常听人提到的“PLA”和“PHA”。那什么是“PLA”和“PHA”呢？

The biodegradable materials extracted by scientists from biomass resources (such as plant fiber, starch, etc.) are used as raw materials for degradable plastics. For example, we often hear about "PLA" and "PHA". What are "PLA" and "PHA"?

PLA还具有可靠的生物性、生物可降解性、良好的力学性能和易加工性，广泛用于包装、纺织行业、农用地膜和生物医用高分子等行业。

PLA also has reliable biosafety, biodegradability, good mechanical properties and easy processing, and is widely used in packaging, textile industry, agricultural film and biomedical polymer industries.

PHA可降解塑料是细菌在生长条件不平衡时的产物。在众多可降解塑料中，PHA的降解方式是特别的，可以在生物体内完全降解成β-羟基丁酸、二氧化碳和水。

PHA degradable plastic is the product of bacteria under unbalanced growth conditions. Among many degradable plastics, PHA can be completely degraded into β- Hydroxybutyric acid, carbon dioxide and water.

PHA类可降解塑料热变形温度高、具有良好的生物相容性，但加工温度范围窄、热稳定性差、脆性大、生产质量不稳定，可用于一次性用品、医疗器械手术服、包装袋和堆肥袋、医用缝线、修复装置、绷带、骨科针、防粘连膜及支架等领域。

PHA degradable plastic has high thermal deformation temperature and good biocompatibility, but its processing temperature range is narrow, thermal stability is poor, brittleness is large, and production quality is unstable. It can be used in disposable articles, medical instruments and surgical clothing, packaging bags and compost bags, medical sutures, repair devices, bandages, orthopedic needles, anti-adhesion film and stent and other fields.

在这里我们需要注意：塑料是否可生物降解，跟塑料由哪种原料制成没有必然关系。不是所有生物基塑料都是可生物降解塑料，生物基塑料同样也有不可降解的。更多相关内容就来我们网站https://www.qiluxinke.com咨询！

Here we need to note that whether plastics are biodegradable or not is not necessarily related to which raw materials plastics are made from. Not all bio-based plastics are biodegradable, and bio-based plastics are also non-biodegradable. Come to our website for more relevant content https://www.qiluxinke.com consulting service