生物降解颗粒的降解原理以及降解功能

生物降解颗粒的降解原理以及降解功能是怎样的？实际上生物降解塑料添加剂包括一种天然纤维质添加成分，该成分呈细微的颗粒形状，既具有可生物降解特性又具有较高的透明度，从而对终端产品的物理功能影响甚微。

What is the degradation principle and degradation function of biodegradable particles? In fact, the biodegradable plastic additive includes a natural fiber additive, which is in the shape of fine particles, and has both biodegradability and high transparency, so it has little impact on the physical function of the end product.

生物降解颗粒的降解原理

Degradation principle of biodegradable particles

该生物降解添加剂系列，是以聚烯烃为载体，配以一种天然植物纤维素的复合物。别的，该复合物中还包括一种金属离子预降解成分，以便为聚合物引发光降解的特性。所有的添加成分对环境都无害。

The biodegradable additive series is a composite of polyolefin as carrier and a natural plant cellulose. In addition, the composite also includes a metal ion predegradation component, so as to induce light degradation characteristics of the polymer. All the added ingredients are harmless to the environment.

含有生物降解添加剂的塑料薄膜具有生物降解的特性。当其被人们使用并抛弃之后，例如在垃圾堆里，只要有微生物、温热、潮湿并有氧气，塑料制品就会决裂并被分解。生物降解率很大程度上取决于堆场里的自然条件，比较理想的环境是微生物活泼、温热而且不太枯燥。

The plastic film containing biodegradable additives has the characteristics of biodegradation. When it is used and discarded by people, for example, in the garbage dump, as long as there are microorganisms, warmth, humidity and oxygen, the plastic products will break and be decomposed. The biodegradation rate largely depends on the natural conditions in the storage yard. The ideal environment is lively, warm and not too boring.

一般在3到7个月内，塑料膜就开始出现裂纹并变脆，其后，在第4-12个月内就开始决裂并被细菌腐蚀消化。比较初的光降解和快速分解是通过添加剂中的金属离子预降解成分促成的。而添加剂中的植物纤维素首要为土壤里的微生物的滋长供给营养，从而使各种菌类在膜的里里外外迅速成长。大大小小的决裂导致膜变得破坏，并比较终被生物分解成二氧化碳和水。

Generally, the plastic film begins to crack and become brittle within 3 to 7 months, and then begins to crack and be corroded and digested by bacteria within 4 to 12 months. The initial photodegradation and rapid decomposition are promoted by the metal ion predegradation component in the additive. The plant cellulose in the additive mainly provides nutrition for the growth of microorganisms in the soil, so that various fungi grow rapidly inside and outside the membrane. Large and small cracks lead to the destruction of the membrane, which is finally biologically decomposed into carbon dioxide and water.

生物降解颗粒的降解功能

Degradation function of biodegradable particles

对生物降解颗粒的降解功能的测验目前还没有制订一致的规范，可采用包括被美国颗粒试验规范(ASTM)采用或预备采用的办法作为规范的办法，通过生物化学和微生物的试验手法来评价的首要办法有下列几种。

At present, there is no uniform standard for testing the degradation function of biodegradable particles. The methods adopted or prepared by the American particle test specification (ASTM) can be used as the standard methods. The primary methods for evaluation by biochemical and microbial test methods are as follows.

土埋法，土埋法有室外土埋法和室内土埋法两种，其微生物源首要是土壤中的微生物群，经必定时刻后，取出试样测定其失重、机械功能改变，或用电子显微镜确定其被土壤中微生物侵袭的状况。

Soil burying method: there are two kinds of soil burying methods: outdoor soil burying method and indoor soil burying method. The microbial source is mainly the microbiota in the soil. After a certain time, take out the sample to determine its weight loss and mechanical function change, or use the electron microscope to determine its invasion by the microorganisms in the soil.

长处是能反映出自然环境条件下的生物分解功能;缺陷是试验周期长，试验成果因土质不同而不同，重复性差。陪替氏培育器定量法在容器中加入试验样品和营养琼脂，接种微生物进行培育，经必定时刻后，剖析试样的失重状况以及某些物理改变或化学改变。

The advantage is that it can reflect the biological decomposition function under natural environmental conditions; The defect is that the test period is long, the test results are different due to different soil properties, and the repeatability is poor. Quantitative method of Petri dish incubator: add the test sample and nutrient agar into the container, inoculate microorganisms for cultivation, and analyze the weight loss and some physical or chemical changes of the sample after a certain time.

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