一种玉米淀粉颗粒的制备方法

本发明涉及一种淀粉颗粒的制备方法，通过这种方法可以简单方式获得粒径为50nm几mm的小淀粉颗粒。特别是粒径为50nm-100μm的所谓纳米或微米颗粒的小淀粉颗粒具有非常广泛的应用。小淀粉颗粒可用于制药业、化妆品、食品、油漆、涂料、纸、油墨和许多其它应用。

The invention relates to a method for preparing starch particles, by which small starch particles with a particle size of 50nm to several mm can be obtained in a simple way. Especially, the particle size is 50nm-100 μ The so-called nano or micron starch particles of m have a very wide range of applications. Small starch particles can be used in pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, food, paint, coating, paper, ink and many other applications.

按照本发明，淀粉应理解为天然淀粉、颗粒淀粉、分级淀粉和淀粉衍生物以及富含淀粉(含有少80％淀粉wt/wt)的农业原料，如小麦粉。淀粉可以来自大量天然源，如小麦、玉米、淀粉玉米、蜡玉米、马铃薯、奎藜籽、大米等。

According to the invention, starch should be understood as natural starch, granular starch, graded starch and starch derivatives, as well as agricultural raw materials rich in starch (containing at least 80% starch wt/wt), such as wheat flour. Starch can come from a large number of natural sources, such as wheat, corn, starch corn, wax corn, potato, quinoa seeds, rice, etc.

优选淀粉为颗粒淀粉，它可以为天然或改性的，例如经物理、化学或酶改性的。淀粉不一定溶于冷水中。任选地，淀粉也可以为全部或部分胶凝化或熔融的。也可以使用各种淀粉的混合物。例如，可以将部分溶解的(预)胶凝化或改性的淀粉加入天然淀粉中。

The preferred starch is granular starch, which can be natural or modified, such as physical, chemical or enzyme modified. Starch does not necessarily dissolve in cold water. Optionally, starch may also be gelatinized or melted in whole or in part. Mixtures of various starches can also be used. For example, partially dissolved (pre) gelatinized or modified starch can be added to natural starch.

也可以使用部分或完全分级的淀粉，例如富含直链淀粉的淀粉或者相反地，富含支链淀粉的淀粉。可以使用的衍生物为部分或完全水解的淀粉如麦芽糖糊精、氧化淀粉、羧化、氯化或硫酸盐化淀粉、已放弃疏水基的淀粉和磷酸盐化淀粉、淀粉醚类等。

Partially or completely graded starch can also be used, such as amylose rich starch or, conversely, amylopectin rich starch. The derivatives that can be used are partially or completely hydrolyzed starch, such as maltodextrin, oxidized starch, carboxylated, chlorinated or sulfated starch, starch that has given up hydrophobic groups, phosphorylated starch, starch ethers, etc.

可以使用其它碳水化合物或聚合物作为辅料。这些辅料多占15％，优选1-10％(wt/wt，以淀粉固体计)。所述辅料尤其包括其它碳水化合物，例如藻酸盐、果胶和羧甲基纤维素。

Other carbohydrates or polymers can be used as excipients. Most of these excipients account for 15%, preferably 1-10% (wt/wt, based on starch solids). The excipients include, in particular, other carbohydrates, such as alginate, pectin, and carboxymethyl cellulose.

在该方法开始时，淀粉还没有完全胶凝化。按照本发明的一个优选实施方式，在相转化过程中、之前或之后进行颗粒淀粉的部分或完全进一步胶凝化。在交联过程中淀粉可以部分为颗粒。可以通过升高温度或通过添加盐如氢氧化物、或者通过其组合进行胶凝化。

At the beginning of this method, the starch has not been completely gelatinized. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, partial or complete further gelation of granular starch is carried out during, before or after the phase transformation process. In the process of cross-linking, starch can be partly granular. Gelation can be carried out by increasing the temperature or by adding salt such as hydroxide, or by a combination thereof.

适宜将不与水混溶的所有液体作为疏水相。这些例子有烃类(烷、环烷)、醚类、酯类、卤代烃、二和三酸甘油酯、脂肪、蜡和油。油或脂的例子有棕榈油、核仁油、向日葵油和色拉油。

It is suitable to take all liquids that are not miscible with water as hydrophobic phase. Examples include hydrocarbons (alkanes, cycloalkanes), ethers, esters, halogenated hydrocarbons, diacid and triglycerides, fats, waxes, and oils. Examples of oil or fat are palm oil, kernel oil, sunflower oil, and salad oil.

许多非极性液体有辛烷、十二烷、甲苯、十氢萘、二甲苯、如戊醇和辛醇的醇、或其混合物。优选使用石蜡油、己烷或环己烷。优选疏水相的粘度与淀粉/水相的粘度接近。水/淀粉相与疏水相的可混合性优选必需尽可能低。

Many nonpolar liquids include octane, dodecane, toluene, decalin, xylene, higher alcohols such as pentanol and octanol, or mixtures thereof. Paraffin oil, hexane or cyclohexane are preferred. The viscosity of the hydrophobic phase is preferably close to that of the starch / aqueous phase. The miscibility of water / starch phase and hydrophobic phase must preferably be as low as possible.

玉米淀粉颗粒厂家认为应该优选借助表面活性剂稳定该O/W乳液。相转化，即O/W乳液向W/O乳液的转化(步骤b)ii))，可以各种方式进行。1)如果使用热敏性表面活性剂，相转化可以通过升高温度来诱导。2)可以通过加入另一表面活性剂来使O/W乳液去稳定。该表面活性剂稳定W/O乳液。3)通过加入一疏水液可以获得相转化。4)借助盐的加入也可以获得相转化。

Manufacturers of corn starch granules believe that the o/w lotion should preferably be stabilized with surfactants. Phase conversion, that is, the conversion from o/w lotion to w/o lotion (step b) (II)), can be carried out in various ways. 1) If heat sensitive surfactants are used, phase transformation can be induced by increasing the temperature. 2) The o/w lotion can be destabilized by adding another surfactant. The surfactant stabilizes the w/o lotion. 3) Phase conversion can be obtained by adding a hydrophobic liquid. 4) Phase transformation can also be obtained by adding salt.

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