可生物降解塑料餐具的性分析

1.1 biodegradable plastics

生物可降解塑料是指在自然界如土壤/沙土等条件下，或特定条件下如堆肥、厌氧消化、水性培养液中，在自然界存在的微生物作用下引起降解，并更终完全降解变成二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）、水（H2O）及所含元素的矿化无机盐及新的生物质的塑料。根据GB/T20197《降解塑料的定义、分类、标志和降解性要求》的技术要求，生物分解（降解）塑料的生物分解率必须大于60%。

Biodegradable plastics refer to plastics that degrade under the action of microorganisms in nature under natural conditions such as soil / sandy soil, or under specific conditions such as composting, anaerobic digestion and aqueous culture medium, and finally completely degrade into carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), water (H2O), mineralized inorganic salts of contained elements and new biomass. According to the technical requirements of GB / t20197 definition, classification, marking and degradability requirements of degradable plastics, the biodegradation rate of biodegradable (degradable) plastics must be greater than 60%.

1.2可堆肥降解塑料

1.2 compostable degradable plastics

可堆肥降解塑料在可堆肥化条件下，由于生物反应过程，可被降解和崩解，并更终完全分解成二氧化碳（CO2）、水（H2O）及其所含元素的矿化无机盐以及新的生物质，并且形成的堆肥的重金属含量、毒性试验、残留碎片等应符合相关标准规定。生物分解（降解）塑料的生物分解率也必须大于60%。

Under compostable conditions, compostable degradable plastics can be degraded and disintegrated due to biological reaction process, and finally completely decomposed into carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), mineralized inorganic salts of its elements and new biomass. The heavy metal content, toxicity test and residual fragments of the final compost shall comply with relevant standards. The biodegradation rate of biodegradable plastics must also be greater than 60%.

从定义可以看出，上述两种材料的降解原理基本相同，主要通过微生物作用引起的塑料降解，材料分解成小分子物质和新的生物质。上述两种材料在下文简称为“生物可降解塑料”。

It can be seen from the definition that the degradation principles of the above two materials are basically the same, mainly through the plastic degradation caused by microbial action, and the materials are decomposed into small molecular substances and new biomass. The above two materials are hereinafter referred to as "biodegradable plastics".

从目前市场上销售的餐具产品看，其主要的材料成分有：可生物降解材料和非降解材料制成的混合塑料，如聚乳酸+聚丙烯、聚乳酸+密胺等；标称可全生物降解的混合物，如聚乳酸+淀粉（玉米、木薯）、聚乳酸+竹粉、聚乳酸+稻壳等；标称可生物降解的含有生物质的塑料，如聚丙烯+淀粉、聚丙烯+稻壳纤维等。

From the tableware products sold on the market at present, the main material components are: mixed plastics made of biodegradable materials and non degradable materials, such as polylactic acid + polypropylene, polylactic acid + melamine, etc; Nominal fully biodegradable mixture, such as polylactic acid + starch (corn, cassava), polylactic acid + bamboo powder, polylactic acid + rice husk, etc; Nominal biodegradable plastics containing biomass, such as polypropylene + starch, polypropylene + rice husk fiber, etc.

产品说明书标注不一。有标识标注可使用微波，有标识标注不可使用微波；有标识注明餐具使用温度，有标识不注明使用温度；个别标识标注迁移量，如在正己烷、4%乙酸、水在70℃2h条件下的迁移量，绝大多数则不标注迁移条件和迁移量。

There are different marks in the product manual. Microwave can be used if there are signs, and microwave cannot be used if there are signs; The maximum temperature of tableware is marked, and the temperature is not marked; Individual labels indicate the migration amount, such as the migration amount of n-hexane, 4% acetic acid and water at 70 ℃ for 2h, while most do not indicate the migration conditions and migration amount.

以上的精彩内容来自：一次性玉米淀粉餐具更多的精彩内容来自：https://www.qiluxinke.com，我们后续会有更多的内容等您查看.

The above highlights come from: disposable corn starch tableware, and more highlights come from: https://www.qiluxinke.com , we will have more content for you to check later